House-1: Traditional World Residents

The first has long been sunk in the summer, the second is erected on large holidays, but the third is actively being built so far.

Needle

Eskimi

Snow, ice, intestine seals, skins

Residence in the past, entertainment and temporary housing in the present

In the real needle, it is always dry, fresh and warm – the main thing, to build correctly. The needle is made from ice blocks or tamped snow, which are stacked by spirals. The form of them should be different, as the dwelling is narrowed up (a semicircular needle is better with the wind, and it is also more compatible). The entrance must be arranged below the floor level – it provides an outflow of carbon dioxide and the influx of easier oxygen, and also does not allow to leave warm air. As a result, the needle establishes a very comfortable temperature. And such a room perfectly absorbs excessive moisture, so it is always dry here. In needle, you can even install "heating" and "lighting" devices – Silnic places. The walls from them are slightly melted, but do not melt – the excess heat is still exclined through the snow outside.

And the light can skip the walls themselves. Although for larger heat you can curtail them with skins – in this case, the Eskimos did in their houses small windows from ice or seal guts. And yes, snow corridors were built, leading from one needle to another – so it turned out a whole snowy village. And now the construction of the right needle is one of the important skills of military or extreme tourists. Stregnation, built in an hour, will save the life to weave the skier.

Dugout

Slavs

Tree, earth, straw

Dwelling in the past and present

Approximately the X century, our ancestors lived in dugouts – the predecessors of the hut. The house was uncomplicated: in the ground rushed to the height or half of the height of the walls, then three or four rows of logs were laid, inside the focus of stones and clays. All the construction was covered with a slope of straw. At the door of the door – a hole about a meter per meter, covered by a pair of log cabins, connected together and canopy. Paul – Earthman. It was first shed water, and when the earth was dried, swept.

From time to time, the ancient Slavs nomaded from place to place in search of the best lands (agriculture was covered with fire, so our ancestors were looking for new territories for crops). The dugout could be easily reserved, and the logs – to rush along the river to the right place. Gradually, the Slavs became more and more sideways, and their homes are more capital. The floor climbed all the above, "Undar" appeared – small holes in the walls for the exit of smoke – and then the hole in the roof. In the Middle Ages, all Slavic dwellings were treated in black – through these very holes, which was called smoke. Pipes appeared in the Boyar skeins in the XV century, and in the peasant – only at the end of the XIX century.

Dobo

Residents of Indonesia

Tree, leaves

Housing

At one time, representatives of the Cow’s tribe, like many other residents of Indonesia and Polynesia, were successful head hunters. And victims were also, quite likely. That is why they began to build their homes at a height of 30-50 m, fleeing from neighbors – cannibals, predatory animals and "ghostly demons" (white people with fiery sticks). It is said that until the 1970s, when Kowaev visited the first scientific expeditions, these people knew nothing about the existence of the rest of the world, and today only units of them can read and write.

Cows calls their dwellings and build them high above the ground, as "piles" using thin trees trunks. They are built on them a square platform of even thinner stories and leaves – with the same walls. The roof is covered with leaves. To visit the House of Cowads, you will have to climb the stairs consisting of a single tree trunk, which, however, does not interfere with doing this neither pregnant women nor milfs with children in their arms. In such a hut cow, they even manage to breed fire. Read more about Kowaev’s life in our material.

Wigwam and Tipi

North American Indians

Tree trunks, birch and rising bark, reed, reed, grass, corn leaves, skins, fabric

For accommodation in the past, for rites in the present

Everyone heard about Vigvam, but few guess that this word is often called another dwelling of the Indians of North America – Tipi. However, they are similar. True, the first was often intended for a larger number of people – up to 25-30 people, the second was chamber. In general, the Indians, in spite of the common opinion, was very diverse housing: they were built and semi-base dugouts, and semicircular clay houses from logs and clay, called Hogan.

Tipi was going to the manner of the tent, so this type of home was used mainly nomadic peoples of the Great Plains. It had a cone-shaped shape with a smoke hole at the top, the frame was made of pine or juniper poles, the raw skin was covered on top, and with the arrival of Europeans – and the sail. Some coatings were painted by traditional patterns of the tribe (as a rule, these were animals or the phenomena of nature, and sometimes images from dreams or the owner’s life experience) and decorated with suspended amules, military or hunting trophies.

Wigwam – Dwelling of the Forest Indians of the North and Northeast of North America. Wigvama’s frame was made of thin flexible trunks of trees, covered with birch or visual bark, cane mats, reeds, grass or corn leaves, and still skin or slices of fabric. Now Wigwams have a ritual value.

Palmyo, Trululas and Nuragi

Italians, Spaniards

Stone, tree, straw

For accommodation in the past, museum exhibit, luxury housing

Europe? Of course, castles! Simple people did not live in them, but since the time of the bronze era, the inhabitants of Apennel preferred to build high stone houses – Nuragi towers, round in cross section of cone-shaped buildings. Whether people lived in them – it is still not known, maybe nuragi were a residence of exclusively government tops, and even the temples at all. One thing is clear: they were built by dry masonry, without a solution.

For the same principle, the Italians in the Middle Ages began to build trululs – stone houses with a conical roof. True, they were confused without a solution to be able to quickly destroy, which means not to pay taxes for living on expensive fertile lands.

The traditional dwellings located next door to Spain looked like. They were especially common in the northwest of the Pyrenean Peninsula – in the Galicia region. They are called Paliao – something mean between Trill and the Hobbit House. Also built of stones, although the frame was wooden, and the roof is straw. It often reached almost to the earth itself, why the house with the only hole in the outside world – the entrance door, looked like a gnome. The diameter of the calamyo was small – from 10 to 20 m, and, as a rule, with one room, but sometimes it was done and the second – for livestock.

Yurt

Turkic and Mongolian nomads

Wooden rods, felt cloth

Residence in the past and present – for rites and tourism

The first images of the parts of the yurt are dating in the middle of the first millennium. NS. But the throat of building such dwellings is considered the XIII century. Yurt is, in fact, a large foldable and very convenient "tent", in which you can light the focus, because on the roof it has a special round hole for the exit of smoke and just lighting, which in case of rain or night closes with felt – just pull for arcane. The Jurt Frame is made of folding harmonic lattice wooden jersey, in which long single rings are made, constituting the dome. The cat is laid on top – felt fabric covering the whole structure: thanks to her in the yurt, it is always warm and does not blow, and if it is hot, you can remove the side. Inside, such a dwelling is covered with carpets and is conditionally divided into two unequal half: a big male (from the Mongols it is East) and a small female (West) – between which the curtain stretches. On the first walls hang weapons, horse harness and talismans. On the second there are utensils, food supplies, women’s and children’s bed and clothing. The door has a dishwashed cabinet and a scoop for whipping Kumsa – a symbol of wealth. Many Mongols live in yurts so far, and in Kazakhstan, for example, they are built in honor of national holidays or for tourists.