Turkey City: Bursa
The fourth city of Turkey, the administrative center of the same name and the first capital of the Ottoman Empire, Bursa (Bursa) lies between the northwestern spurs of the Uludag and the fertile valley of the Niliefer, stretching to the southern shores of the Marmara Sea.
The history of the appearance of the city is lost in the centuries, but it is known that already in 202 BC. NS. Philip V Macedonsky presented the city of Syous in this place for the King Proviasa I for his assistance in the war against Pergamum and Geraklei Ponti. Prosepass and renamed the city in Prussu, and under this name he was known until the XIV century, when was captured by Ottomans and turned into their capital. Located on the route of the Great Silk Road, it rapidly rose and rich, and after the deprivation of metropolitan functions turned into a major educational and theological center (our word "Bursa" leads its origin on behalf of this city). But the silk, supplied from China and Persia, continued to remain the main source of citizens’ income, and almost all products from here went to the court of Sultan. Local weapons and craftsman masters were also widely known, which in our time changed the automotive industry.
sights
Like most other foothill cities of Turkey, Bursa is located in the zone of active techtonism, therefore it was rapidly destroyed by strong earthquakes (they were particularly destructive ones 1855 and 1905), but each time was rebuilt literally. Therefore, many of his monuments carry distinct traces of recovery, and the old quarters are at all represent a complete reconstruction.
- Mausoleum Sultan Clalebi Mehmet
- Inside the Eshil-Kamya Mosque
- Clock Tower Saat
The main attractions of the city include a great decorated mosque Eshil-Kamya ("Green mosque", 1413-1424.) and Mausoleum Sultan Clalebi Mehmet – Eshil-Turbe (Open daily from 8.00 to 12.00 and from 13.00 to 17.00, input is free), Orhan-Gazi-Kamya (1336 g., The second in antiquity of the city mosque) with a compact fleet to it Goat, On the other side of which yellowish brown rises Ulu-Kamya (1396-1399.), two-story complex Emir Bay Khana (Initially, part of the Orhan-Gazi complex, and now – a shopping and office center), nearby indoor bazaar Bursa (open daily, except Sunday, from 9.00 to 20.00) with his famous goats of Kozhan ("Hall of silk cocoon", 1451., One of the most important shopping pavilions of the Great Silk Road) and a tiny mosque, as well as other markets of the city.
- Ulu-Kamya, Bursa
- Miham in in the Ulu-Kamya
- Fountain in Ulu-Kamya
Old Quarter Firin-Sokak It is famous for picturesque mansions and colorful courtyards, and at the very end of this short street the same old bridge overlap through the GOK-Dere – one of two streams that cross the Bursa, forming the eastern border of the city center. Old Madrasa, located just 100 meters from Eshil-Turbe, now hosts on its territory Museum of Turkish and Islamic art (open daily, except Monday, from 8.00 to 12.00 and from 13.00 to 17.00, the entrance is free), and 300 meters east towers mosque Sultan Emir (XVI B., rebuilt at the beginning of the last century), around which the most prestigious cemetery of the city is spread.
Nearby, on a small hill in the northeastern quarters of the city, lies a beautiful mosque Yildyr-Bayazit (1390-1395.) With the grave of Sultan Bayazit of the unfortunate in the adjacent madrasa (this ruler became famous for which Battle of Tamerlan lost and until his death in 1403 was kept by Iron Mongol in the Iron Cell).
- Quarter Muradia
Hisar – The historical core of Bursa – Currently, retained only a few blocks of sufficiently dilapidated Ottoman buildings, hiding among narrow alleys and medieval walls along its perimeter. It is worth a visit, perhaps only the cute area Step, transformed into one large shopping center, simple Mosque alaceddin (XIII B., The earliest mosque of Bursa), medieval quarter Muradia With its much more interesting architectural complexes, a mosque of the same name (1424.) and ten royal graves in the beautiful garden (it is interesting that the sultan Murat buried here was the only ruler of the Ottoman Empire, who left the throne voluntarily and deceased in his bed), a beautiful mansion Husno-Zover (1836 g., Now there is a small meeting of objects of decorative and applied fishes, open from Thursday to Sunday from 10.00 to 17.00, entrance – 2 try), excellent Archaeological Museum (open daily, except Monday, from 8.00 to 12.00 and from 13.00 to 17.00, entrance – 2 try) at the Western Gate Park Kuultur, Thermal Center Cekirge with a whole complex of terms, baths and hammamms (according to legend, it was here that he was cured from the gout Suleiman magnificent) and more similar to the church mosque Hudavendigyar Murat (XIV B.) with Murata Murat I (this is this sultan, whose title was translated as "godlike", was killed with a cute obyuchi in the famous battle on the Kosovo field in 1389).
Around the city
Around the bursa is worth visiting the most picturesque old village Jumalykyzyk (Cumalikizik, 10 km east of the city), excavations of an ancient city Apollonia On the shore of Lake Ulubat (38 km west of Bursa) and a bird reserve Lake Kush (18 km south-east of the Primorsky city of Bandarma), a picturesque town Erdek (Erdek) on the Kapidagi Peninsula (Kapidagi), as well as excellent ski centers of the mountain range Uludag.
